> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://kelby.gitbook.io/rails-beginner-s-guide/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://kelby.gitbook.io/rails-beginner-s-guide/actiondispatch_middleware/each_middleware/middleware_exception_wrapper.md).

# Exception Wrapper

更友好的异常消息，包括可读性，回朔等。

被 Show Exceptions 调用。(另，它其实不是 middleware)

```ruby
ActionDispatch::ExceptionWrapper.rescue_responses

=> {"ActionController::RoutingError"=>:not_found,
  "AbstractController::ActionNotFound"=>:not_found,
  "ActionController::MethodNotAllowed"=>:method_not_allowed,
  "ActionController::NotImplemented"=>:not_implemented,
  "ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken"=>:unprocessable_entity,
  "ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound"=>:not_found,
  "ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError"=>:conflict,
  "ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid"=>:unprocessable_entity,
  "ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved"=>:unprocessable_entity}
```

```ruby
ActionDispatch::ExceptionWrapper.rescue_templates

=> {"ActionView::MissingTemplate"=>"missing_template",
  "ActionController::RoutingError"=>"routing_error",
  "AbstractController::ActionNotFound"=>"unknown_action",
  "ActionView::Template::Error"=>"template_error"}
```